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The Black Panther Party originally the Black Panther Party for Self Defense was an African American organization established to promote Black Power and self defense through acts of social agitation It was active in the United States from the mid 1960s into the 1970s Founded in Oakland California by Huey P Newton and Bobby Seale on October 15 1966 the organization initially set forth a doctrine calling for the protection of African American neighborhoods from police brutality in the interest of African American justice Its objectives and philosophy changed radically during the party s existence While the organization s leaders passionately espoused socialist doctrine the Party s black nationalist reputation attracted an ideologically diverse membership Ideological consensus within the party was difficult to achieve Some members openly disagreed with the views of the leaders In 1967 the organization marched on the California State Capitol in Sacramento in protest of a ban on weapons The official newspaper The Black Panther was also first circulated that year By 1968 the party had expanded into many cities throughout the United States including Chicago Los Angeles San Diego Denver Newark New York City Philadelphia Seattle and Baltimore That same year membership reached 5 000 and their newspaper had grown to a circulation of 250 000 The group created a Ten Point Program a document that called for Land Bread Housing Education Clothing Justice and Peace as well as exemption from military service for African American men among other demands While firmly grounded in black nationalism and begun as an organization that accepted only African Americans as members the party changed as it grew to national prominence and became an icon of the counterculture of the 1960s The Black Panthers ultimately condemned black nationalism as black racism They became more focused on socialism without racial exclusivity They instituted a variety of community programs to alleviate poverty and improve health among communities deemed most needful of aid While the party retained its all black membership it recognized that different minority communities those it deemed oppressed by the American government needed to organize around their own set of issues and encouraged alliances with such organizations The group s political goals were often overshadowed by their confrontational and militant tactics and by their suspicions of law enforcement agents The Black Panthers considered them as oppressors to be overcome by a willingness to take up armed self defense After party membership started to decline during Huey Newtons 1968 manslaughter trial the Black Panther Party collapsed in the early 1970s Writers such as Black Panther and Socialist Angela Davis and American writer and political activist Ward Churchill have alleged that law enforcement officials went to great lengths to discredit and destroy the organization including assassination

Description:

The Black Panther Party originally the Black Panther Party for Self Defense was an African American organization established to promote Black Power and self defense through acts of social agitation It was active in the United States from the mid 1960s into the 1970s Founded in Oakland California by Huey P Newton and Bobby Seale on October 15 1966 the organization initially set forth a doctrine calling for the protection of African American neighborhoods from police brutality in the interest of African American justice Its objectives and philosophy changed radically during the party s existence While the organization s leaders passionately espoused socialist doctrine the Party s black nationalist reputation attracted an ideologically diverse membership Ideological consensus within the party was difficult to achieve Some members openly disagreed with the views of the leaders In 1967 the organization marched on the California State Capitol in Sacramento in protest of a ban on weapons The official newspaper The Black Panther was also first circulated that year By 1968 the party had expanded into many cities throughout the United States including Chicago Los Angeles San Diego Denver Newark New York City Philadelphia Seattle and Baltimore That same year membership reached 5 000 and their newspaper had grown to a circulation of 250 000 The group created a Ten Point Program a document that called for Land Bread Housing Education Clothing Justice and Peace as well as exemption from military service for African American men among other demands While firmly grounded in black nationalism and begun as an organization that accepted only African Americans as members the party changed as it grew to national prominence and became an icon of the counterculture of the 1960s The Black Panthers ultimately condemned black nationalism as black racism They became more focused on socialism without racial exclusivity They instituted a variety of community programs to alleviate poverty and improve health among communities deemed most needful of aid While the party retained its all black membership it recognized that different minority communities those it deemed oppressed by the American government needed to organize around their own set of issues and encouraged alliances with such organizations The group s political goals were often overshadowed by their confrontational and militant tactics and by their suspicions of law enforcement agents The Black Panthers considered them as oppressors to be overcome by a willingness to take up armed self defense After party membership started to decline during Huey Newtons 1968 manslaughter trial the Black Panther Party collapsed in the early 1970s Writers such as Black Panther and Socialist Angela Davis and American writer and political activist Ward Churchill have alleged that law enforcement officials went to great lengths to discredit and destroy the organization including assassination

Description:

The Black Panther Party originally the Black Panther Party for Self Defense was an African American organization established to promote Black Power and self defense through acts of social agitation It was active in the United States from the mid 1960s into the 1970s Founded in Oakland California by Huey P Newton and Bobby Seale on October 15 1966 the organization initially set forth a doctrine calling for the protection of African American neighborhoods from police brutality in the interest of African American justice Its objectives and philosophy changed radically during the party s existence While the organization s leaders passionately espoused socialist doctrine the Party s black nationalist reputation attracted an ideologically diverse membership Ideological consensus within the party was difficult to achieve Some members openly disagreed with the views of the leaders In 1967 the organization marched on the California State Capitol in Sacramento in protest of a ban on weapons The official newspaper The Black Panther was also first circulated that year By 1968 the party had expanded into many cities throughout the United States including Chicago Los Angeles San Diego Denver Newark New York City Philadelphia Seattle and Baltimore That same year membership reached 5 000 and their newspaper had grown to a circulation of 250 000 The group created a Ten Point Program a document that called for Land Bread Housing Education Clothing Justice and Peace as well as exemption from military service for African American men among other demands While firmly grounded in black nationalism and begun as an organization that accepted only African Americans as members the party changed as it grew to national prominence and became an icon of the counterculture of the 1960s The Black Panthers ultimately condemned black nationalism as black racism They became more focused on socialism without racial exclusivity They instituted a variety of community programs to alleviate poverty and improve health among communities deemed most needful of aid While the party retained its all black membership it recognized that different minority communities those it deemed oppressed by the American government needed to organize around their own set of issues and encouraged alliances with such organizations The group s political goals were often overshadowed by their confrontational and militant tactics and by their suspicions of law enforcement agents The Black Panthers considered them as oppressors to be overcome by a willingness to take up armed self defense After party membership started to decline during Huey Newtons 1968 manslaughter trial the Black Panther Party collapsed in the early 1970s Writers such as Black Panther and Socialist Angela Davis and American writer and political activist Ward Churchill have alleged that law enforcement officials went to great lengths to discredit and destroy the organization including assassination

Description:

The Black Panther Party originally the Black Panther Party for Self Defense was an African American organization established to promote Black Power and self defense through acts of social agitation It was active in the United States from the mid 1960s into the 1970s Founded in Oakland California by Huey P Newton and Bobby Seale on October 15 1966 the organization initially set forth a doctrine calling for the protection of African American neighborhoods from police brutality in the interest of African American justice Its objectives and philosophy changed radically during the party s existence While the organization s leaders passionately espoused socialist doctrine the Party s black nationalist reputation attracted an ideologically diverse membership Ideological consensus within the party was difficult to achieve Some members openly disagreed with the views of the leaders In 1967 the organization marched on the California State Capitol in Sacramento in protest of a ban on weapons The official newspaper The Black Panther was also first circulated that year By 1968 the party had expanded into many cities throughout the United States including Chicago Los Angeles San Diego Denver Newark New York City Philadelphia Seattle and Baltimore That same year membership reached 5 000 and their newspaper had grown to a circulation of 250 000 The group created a Ten Point Program a document that called for Land Bread Housing Education Clothing Justice and Peace as well as exemption from military service for African American men among other demands While firmly grounded in black nationalism and begun as an organization that accepted only African Americans as members the party changed as it grew to national prominence and became an icon of the counterculture of the 1960s The Black Panthers ultimately condemned black nationalism as black racism They became more focused on socialism without racial exclusivity They instituted a variety of community programs to alleviate poverty and improve health among communities deemed most needful of aid While the party retained its all black membership it recognized that different minority communities those it deemed oppressed by the American government needed to organize around their own set of issues and encouraged alliances with such organizations The group s political goals were often overshadowed by their confrontational and militant tactics and by their suspicions of law enforcement agents The Black Panthers considered them as oppressors to be overcome by a willingness to take up armed self defense After party membership started to decline during Huey Newtons 1968 manslaughter trial the Black Panther Party collapsed in the early 1970s Writers such as Black Panther and Socialist Angela Davis and American writer and political activist Ward Churchill have alleged that law enforcement officials went to great lengths to discredit and destroy the organization including assassination

Description:

The Black Panther Party originally the Black Panther Party for Self Defense was an African American organization established to promote Black Power and self defense through acts of social agitation It was active in the United States from the mid 1960s into the 1970s Founded in Oakland California by Huey P Newton and Bobby Seale on October 15 1966 the organization initially set forth a doctrine calling for the protection of African American neighborhoods from police brutality in the interest of African American justice Its objectives and philosophy changed radically during the party s existence While the organization s leaders passionately espoused socialist doctrine the Party s black nationalist reputation attracted an ideologically diverse membership Ideological consensus within the party was difficult to achieve Some members openly disagreed with the views of the leaders In 1967 the organization marched on the California State Capitol in Sacramento in protest of a ban on weapons The official newspaper The Black Panther was also first circulated that year By 1968 the party had expanded into many cities throughout the United States including Chicago Los Angeles San Diego Denver Newark New York City Philadelphia Seattle and Baltimore That same year membership reached 5 000 and their newspaper had grown to a circulation of 250 000 The group created a Ten Point Program a document that called for Land Bread Housing Education Clothing Justice and Peace as well as exemption from military service for African American men among other demands While firmly grounded in black nationalism and begun as an organization that accepted only African Americans as members the party changed as it grew to national prominence and became an icon of the counterculture of the 1960s The Black Panthers ultimately condemned black nationalism as black racism They became more focused on socialism without racial exclusivity They instituted a variety of community programs to alleviate poverty and improve health among communities deemed most needful of aid While the party retained its all black membership it recognized that different minority communities those it deemed oppressed by the American government needed to organize around their own set of issues and encouraged alliances with such organizations The group s political goals were often overshadowed by their confrontational and militant tactics and by their suspicions of law enforcement agents The Black Panthers considered them as oppressors to be overcome by a willingness to take up armed self defense After party membership started to decline during Huey Newtons 1968 manslaughter trial the Black Panther Party collapsed in the early 1970s Writers such as Black Panther and Socialist Angela Davis and American writer and political activist Ward Churchill have alleged that law enforcement officials went to great lengths to discredit and destroy the organization including assassination

Description:

The Black Panther Party originally the Black Panther Party for Self Defense was an African American organization established to promote Black Power and self defense through acts of social agitation It was active in the United States from the mid 1960s into the 1970s Founded in Oakland California by Huey P Newton and Bobby Seale on October 15 1966 the organization initially set forth a doctrine calling for the protection of African American neighborhoods from police brutality in the interest of African American justice Its objectives and philosophy changed radically during the party s existence While the organization s leaders passionately espoused socialist doctrine the Party s black nationalist reputation attracted an ideologically diverse membership Ideological consensus within the party was difficult to achieve Some members openly disagreed with the views of the leaders In 1967 the organization marched on the California State Capitol in Sacramento in protest of a ban on weapons The official newspaper The Black Panther was also first circulated that year By 1968 the party had expanded into many cities throughout the United States including Chicago Los Angeles San Diego Denver Newark New York City Philadelphia Seattle and Baltimore That same year membership reached 5 000 and their newspaper had grown to a circulation of 250 000 The group created a Ten Point Program a document that called for Land Bread Housing Education Clothing Justice and Peace as well as exemption from military service for African American men among other demands While firmly grounded in black nationalism and begun as an organization that accepted only African Americans as members the party changed as it grew to national prominence and became an icon of the counterculture of the 1960s The Black Panthers ultimately condemned black nationalism as black racism They became more focused on socialism without racial exclusivity They instituted a variety of community programs to alleviate poverty and improve health among communities deemed most needful of aid While the party retained its all black membership it recognized that different minority communities those it deemed oppressed by the American government needed to organize around their own set of issues and encouraged alliances with such organizations The group s political goals were often overshadowed by their confrontational and militant tactics and by their suspicions of law enforcement agents The Black Panthers considered them as oppressors to be overcome by a willingness to take up armed self defense After party membership started to decline during Huey Newtons 1968 manslaughter trial the Black Panther Party collapsed in the early 1970s Writers such as Black Panther and Socialist Angela Davis and American writer and political activist Ward Churchill have alleged that law enforcement officials went to great lengths to discredit and destroy the organization including assassination

Description:

The Black Panther Party originally the Black Panther Party for Self Defense was an African American organization established to promote Black Power and self defense through acts of social agitation It was active in the United States from the mid 1960s into the 1970s Founded in Oakland California by Huey P Newton and Bobby Seale on October 15 1966 the organization initially set forth a doctrine calling for the protection of African American neighborhoods from police brutality in the interest of African American justice Its objectives and philosophy changed radically during the party s existence While the organization s leaders passionately espoused socialist doctrine the Party s black nationalist reputation attracted an ideologically diverse membership Ideological consensus within the party was difficult to achieve Some members openly disagreed with the views of the leaders In 1967 the organization marched on the California State Capitol in Sacramento in protest of a ban on weapons The official newspaper The Black Panther was also first circulated that year By 1968 the party had expanded into many cities throughout the United States including Chicago Los Angeles San Diego Denver Newark New York City Philadelphia Seattle and Baltimore That same year membership reached 5 000 and their newspaper had grown to a circulation of 250 000 The group created a Ten Point Program a document that called for Land Bread Housing Education Clothing Justice and Peace as well as exemption from military service for African American men among other demands While firmly grounded in black nationalism and begun as an organization that accepted only African Americans as members the party changed as it grew to national prominence and became an icon of the counterculture of the 1960s The Black Panthers ultimately condemned black nationalism as black racism They became more focused on socialism without racial exclusivity They instituted a variety of community programs to alleviate poverty and improve health among communities deemed most needful of aid While the party retained its all black membership it recognized that different minority communities those it deemed oppressed by the American government needed to organize around their own set of issues and encouraged alliances with such organizations The group s political goals were often overshadowed by their confrontational and militant tactics and by their suspicions of law enforcement agents The Black Panthers considered them as oppressors to be overcome by a willingness to take up armed self defense After party membership started to decline during Huey Newtons 1968 manslaughter trial the Black Panther Party collapsed in the early 1970s Writers such as Black Panther and Socialist Angela Davis and American writer and political activist Ward Churchill have alleged that law enforcement officials went to great lengths to discredit and destroy the organization including assassination

Description:

The Black Panther Party originally the Black Panther Party for Self Defense was an African American organization established to promote Black Power and self defense through acts of social agitation It was active in the United States from the mid 1960s into the 1970s Founded in Oakland California by Huey P Newton and Bobby Seale on October 15 1966 the organization initially set forth a doctrine calling for the protection of African American neighborhoods from police brutality in the interest of African American justice Its objectives and philosophy changed radically during the party s existence While the organization s leaders passionately espoused socialist doctrine the Party s black nationalist reputation attracted an ideologically diverse membership Ideological consensus within the party was difficult to achieve Some members openly disagreed with the views of the leaders In 1967 the organization marched on the California State Capitol in Sacramento in protest of a ban on weapons The official newspaper The Black Panther was also first circulated that year By 1968 the party had expanded into many cities throughout the United States including Chicago Los Angeles San Diego Denver Newark New York City Philadelphia Seattle and Baltimore That same year membership reached 5 000 and their newspaper had grown to a circulation of 250 000 The group created a Ten Point Program a document that called for Land Bread Housing Education Clothing Justice and Peace as well as exemption from military service for African American men among other demands While firmly grounded in black nationalism and begun as an organization that accepted only African Americans as members the party changed as it grew to national prominence and became an icon of the counterculture of the 1960s The Black Panthers ultimately condemned black nationalism as black racism They became more focused on socialism without racial exclusivity They instituted a variety of community programs to alleviate poverty and improve health among communities deemed most needful of aid While the party retained its all black membership it recognized that different minority communities those it deemed oppressed by the American government needed to organize around their own set of issues and encouraged alliances with such organizations The group s political goals were often overshadowed by their confrontational and militant tactics and by their suspicions of law enforcement agents The Black Panthers considered them as oppressors to be overcome by a willingness to take up armed self defense After party membership started to decline during Huey Newtons 1968 manslaughter trial the Black Panther Party collapsed in the early 1970s Writers such as Black Panther and Socialist Angela Davis and American writer and political activist Ward Churchill have alleged that law enforcement officials went to great lengths to discredit and destroy the organization including assassination

Description:

The Black Panther Party originally the Black Panther Party for Self Defense was an African American organization established to promote Black Power and self defense through acts of social agitation It was active in the United States from the mid 1960s into the 1970s Founded in Oakland California by Huey P Newton and Bobby Seale on October 15 1966 the organization initially set forth a doctrine calling for the protection of African American neighborhoods from police brutality in the interest of African American justice Its objectives and philosophy changed radically during the party s existence While the organization s leaders passionately espoused socialist doctrine the Party s black nationalist reputation attracted an ideologically diverse membership Ideological consensus within the party was difficult to achieve Some members openly disagreed with the views of the leaders In 1967 the organization marched on the California State Capitol in Sacramento in protest of a ban on weapons The official newspaper The Black Panther was also first circulated that year By 1968 the party had expanded into many cities throughout the United States including Chicago Los Angeles San Diego Denver Newark New York City Philadelphia Seattle and Baltimore That same year membership reached 5 000 and their newspaper had grown to a circulation of 250 000 The group created a Ten Point Program a document that called for Land Bread Housing Education Clothing Justice and Peace as well as exemption from military service for African American men among other demands While firmly grounded in black nationalism and begun as an organization that accepted only African Americans as members the party changed as it grew to national prominence and became an icon of the counterculture of the 1960s The Black Panthers ultimately condemned black nationalism as black racism They became more focused on socialism without racial exclusivity They instituted a variety of community programs to alleviate poverty and improve health among communities deemed most needful of aid While the party retained its all black membership it recognized that different minority communities those it deemed oppressed by the American government needed to organize around their own set of issues and encouraged alliances with such organizations The group s political goals were often overshadowed by their confrontational and militant tactics and by their suspicions of law enforcement agents The Black Panthers considered them as oppressors to be overcome by a willingness to take up armed self defense After party membership started to decline during Huey Newtons 1968 manslaughter trial the Black Panther Party collapsed in the early 1970s Writers such as Black Panther and Socialist Angela Davis and American writer and political activist Ward Churchill have alleged that law enforcement officials went to great lengths to discredit and destroy the organization including assassination

Description:

Aisha El-Mekki’s mother didn’t believe in ‘sparing the rod’. She also had a deep respect for teachers, nuns and other authority figures; a respect that never trickled down to her youngest daughter. Discipline was real in the El-Mekki household, so from an early age she and her older sister formed an alliance. They promised not to tell on each other. Sometimes El-Mekki even took a beating for her sister. When she was in first grade, the two were sent away to a private, all-white boarding school. In third grade, El-Mekki was expelled. “As a child, if I got backed into a wall, I would refuse to do whatever you wanted me to do because you were trying to force me.” Upon returning to her home in Philadelphia, El-Mekki’s mother – who worked until five everyday – enrolled her daughter in the neighborhood school. It was around this time that El-Mekki met her best friend, Shakora. The two began spending afternoons together, deepening their friendship and getting into trouble. “One time I was on a bus. It was a Friday afternoon. The bus driver said my pass had expired; that I had to get a transfer…so he gave me a transfer while waiting for the next bus and the next bus was late. We waited for a while. There was a crowd of people by the time the bus came. [The next bus driver] said that my pass had expired and that I needed to get off the bus. Well I didn’t have any more money, so I said, ‘I paid my fare and I will ride.’ This man decided that he was going to send a message. So he stopped a police car and told them that I refused to pay. The police emptied the bus and told the driver to drive to the police station with just me on it….so he drives this empty bus to the police station and they arrested me. And this just infuriated me. My mother had to be called and of course she was just livid….she had to end up getting a lawyer, and had to go court, miss time from work…and eventually it was resolved but I mean they charged me. I had a record. It was ridiculous. That was my first incident with what I consider police brutality…and how they can escalate a situation unnecessarily.” Three years later, El Mekki graduated from an all-girls Catholic high school. It was at this point that she began to question the Trinity. She didn’t want to leave the church; she believed she would go to hell if she did. Still, the questions remained. So she kept her eyes open. After college, El-Mekki decided she wanted to become a social worker. She learned about a group called the Black Panther Party that was organizing programs for the needy. “When I heard about these people feeding children – and I worked on the midnight shift – I said, ‘you know what? I’m gonna go up there’. And there were tables and tables of children being fed cereal and toast, and I was really amazed. People were doing this out of the bottom of their hearts. They weren’t getting paid for it. But they wanted to make sure the children were getting a decent breakfast.” El-Mekki joined the group. At the same time, her religious search continued. “I had an aunt that was Muslim. I used to visit her. She was not aggressive, she was not pushy, she was not trying to convert me. Anytime I had a question, she would answer. Her husband was very nice. And I liked the way her family was so calm. It was so peaceful. And so I would go visit her often. During that time I was in the Black Panther Party, and she didn’t disapprove. Everybody else in my family said, ‘Here she goes again, doing something off the beaten path.’ But not aunt Mariam. One time when we knew that there was going to be a police raid, and we were trying to get the children out because I didn’t want the children to be there. And she just told me to bring them to her house. You know? And I just admired her. I just said wow, if her religion supports revolutionary acts like that, then I want to hear more about it. So she would always be listening to Shaheed Malcolm’s albums. She owned every word he ever said. And she’d often have his records on when I’d go over there. And she gave me his book to read because I was always asking questions about him. And that was like the answer to my prayer. You know? The part where he said that our religion doesn’t teach us to be aggressive, but if you lay a hand on me, then I can send you to the cemetery. And I said, ‘I can do that. That is the religion that I need.’ You know, that allows me to defend myself. That doesn’t encourage me to just constantly turn the other cheek. Nobody else is turning the other cheek. They’re turning the other side of their hand. And so i decided you know what, that’s when I decided Islam was for me because it allowed me to be religious and at the same time, be revolutionary.” innerrevolutions.net

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A march for solidarity and awareness to socioeconomic disparities. Members of the New Black Panther Party and the Black is Back coalition gathered for a National Day of Action--demanding attention to inequalities in education, housing, healthcare, and more.

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We see in our societies that there are self-defined and superficial criteria of manhood and being a real man. What is the divine criteria of being a Real Man? Dr. Abbasi turns to Karbala to provide us a definition of a Real Man.